Best Scoring Anagrams of: NICKERS_
| Word | Save | Length | Usage | Points | Type | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| knickers | 8 | 18 | nounn | ||||
noun • (used in the plural) trousers ending above the knee • (used in the plural) underpants worn by women | |||||||
| jerkins | 7 | 18 | nounn | ||||
noun • a tight sleeveless and collarless jacket (often made of leather) worn by men in former times | |||||||
| jinkers | 7 | 18 | verb, nounv, n | ||||
noun • A high wheeled wagon designed to carry lumber suspended under the body of the vehicle. | |||||||
| zerks | 5 | 18 | nounn | ||||
Valid word for Scrabble US
| |||||||
| jerkin | 6 | 17 | verb, nounv, n | ||||
noun • a tight sleeveless and collarless jacket (often made of leather) worn by men in former times | |||||||
| kickers | 7 | 17 | nounn | ||||
noun • a player who kicks the football | |||||||
| jinker | 6 | 17 | nounn | ||||
noun • A high wheeled wagon designed to carry lumber suspended under the body of the vehicle. | |||||||
| snickery | 8 | 17 | adjectiveadj | ||||
Valid word for Scrabble US
| |||||||
| zeks | 4 | 17 | noun, adjectiven, adj | ||||
Valid word for Scrabble US
| |||||||
| zerk | 4 | 17 | nounn | ||||
Valid word for Scrabble US
| |||||||
| or scroll down to see all results... | |||||||
Tip: Scrabble EU allows far more words than US! | |||||||
8 Letters
7 Letters
Words (108)
- sincere
- skinner
- sticker
- dickens
- perkins
- arsenic
- stinker
- rockies
- pincers
- slicker
- snicker
- rickets
- cistern
- discern
- rescind
- redskin
- clinker
- crinkle
- arcsine
- conkers
- snicket
- snacker
- bickers
- cankers
- cretins
- cringes
- irenics
- kickers
- knifers
- pickers
- princes
- recking
- reckons
- relinks
- richens
- sericin
- shicker
- snakier
- snicked
- tickers
- tinkers
- wickers
- wincers
- crispen
- carnies
- cinders
- coiners
- cronies
- dickers
- inchers
- jerkins
- jinkers
- kinesic
- lickers
- linkers
- mincers
- neckers
- nickels
- nickers
- nickles
- orceins
- pinkers
- recoins
- reknits
- rickeys
- sickens
- sinkers
- skinker
- slicken
- suckier
- winkers
- brisken
- ceresin
- karenic
- bricken
- cerasin
- conkier
- cremsin
- crinose
- crivens
- eiracks
- kernish
- kinders
- kinreds
- knicker
- merkins
- nichers
- nickars
- orcines
- rickers
- rickles
- ripecks
- scriene
- scriked
- scrikes
- scrines
- sericon
- sinkier
- sirenic
- skinter
- skriech
- slinker
- smicker
- spicker
- swinker
- tickens
- wickens
- yickers
Phrases (3)
6 Letters
Words (326)
- prince
- strike
- screen
- singer
- senior
- reckon
- sucker
- cruise
- shrink
- knives
- resign
- insect
- shrine
- nickel
- sinner
- nicest
- riches
- insert
- tinker
- kisser
- sickle
- kicker
- bikers
- censor
- kaiser
- kinsey
- wicker
- crises
- insure
- picker
- shriek
- ticker
- sicker
- scribe
- sacker
- enrich
- scenic
- arisen
- licker
- silken
- ruskin
- shiner
- pincer
- cinder
- cringe
- racine
- cripes
- sicken
- bicker
- sinker
- jerkin
- shrike
- canker
- slicer
- necker
- incase
- signer
- snider
- cairns
- merkin
- sickie
- cosine
- censer
- dicker
- mincer
- spiker
- arsine
- sinter
- caries
- carnie
- conker
- incise
- kirsch
- precis
- rickey
- cosier
- kinase
- neckar
- serine
- winker
- estrin
- knifer
- nosier
- casein
- ingres
- perkin
- seiner
- strick
- nicker
- cerise
- oscine
- resiny
- secern
- casern
- irenic
- ursine
- clinks
- conies
- creaks
- creeks
- criers
- crimes
- crones
- diners
- drinks
- eikons
- hikers
- ickier
- infers
- kermis
- kernes
- kiters
- likens
- likers
- minces
- nicked
- nieces
- pekins
- pinker
- prices
- recons
- reigns
- reknit
- relics
- relink
- renigs
- rinsed
- rinses
- ripens
- schrik
- scrive
- skeins
- skiers
- skiver
- spicer
- winces
- wrecks
- cercis
- coiner
- screak
- biners
- bricks
- brines
- brinks
- cakier
- caners
- cerias
- cering
- chines
- chinks
- chirks
- ciders
- citers
- clerks
- clines
- crakes
- cranes
- cranks
- cricks
- curies
- dicers
- dikers
- drecks
- enokis
- ericas
- ickers
- icones
- incher
- inches
- incurs
- incuse
- inerts
- inkers
- inkier
- inkles
- inners
- inters
- inures
- irones
- jinker
- kefirs
- kinder
- kirned
- knifes
- koines
- krises
- kyries
- liners
- linker
- miners
- minkes
- nacres
- nereis
- niches
- nickle
- niters
- nitres
- ockers
- orcein
- orcins
- pikers
- prinks
- rances
- recits
- recoin
- reinks
- renins
- repins
- resins
- rewins
- ricers
- richen
- ricins
- ricked
- rinser
- risked
- risker
- rusine
- scried
- scries
- serein
- sering
- serins
- sicked
- sickee
- sirens
- snecks
- snicks
- steric
- trices
- tricks
- triens
- trikes
- trines
- urines
- wincer
- wricks
- arcsin
- birken
- crepis
- entric
- iskcon
- kencur
- kerion
- pernis
- retick
- serkin
- visken
- yersin
- ackers
- ankers
- canier
- cernes
- cerris
- cizers
- cleiks
- cnemis
- cokier
- cories
- crenas
- crimen
- crined
- crines
- crusie
- dinker
- dirkes
- drices
- eirack
- eniacs
- ericks
- erinus
- finers
- greins
- grices
- grikes
- ickler
- incles
- kinred
- knicks
- krengs
- krised
- misken
- nakers
- nebris
- nerkas
- nicher
- nickar
- nigers
- nixers
- oncers
- orcine
- raines
- rankes
- reckan
- reikis
- reking
- renies
- rhines
- ricker
- rickle
- rinked
- ripeck
- sarnie
- scerne
- scient
- scrike
- scrine
- scryne
- seiker
- shreik
- skreen
- skried
- skries
- skrike
- skyier
- soneri
- sucken
- sunkie
- ticken
- trecks
- uckers
- versin
- viners
- wicken
- yicker
- zinkes
Phrases (5)
5 Letters
Words (666)
- since
- drink
- stick
- scene
- crime
- price
- raise
- knife
- noise
- trick
- scare
- rings
- lines
- nurse
- score
- curse
- snake
- shine
- cried
- crane
- karen
- stink
- skirt
- inner
- sneak
- kings
- niece
- wreck
- siren
- snack
- nicky
- brick
- slice
- scent
- risky
- nicer
- fries
- rains
- clerk
- diner
- spike
- races
- spine
- creek
- spice
- swine
- reign
- arise
- crank
- klein
- slick
- links
- stern
- acres
- erica
- risen
- snuck
- hicks
- senor
- rinse
- wiser
- brink
- stein
- denis
- crisp
- inter
- snore
- recon
- relic
- cider
- biker
- irons
- cures
- sonic
- miner
- speck
- decks
- crest
- finer
- swink
- ernst
- liner
- clink
- scorn
- crick
- niner
- reins
- niche
- snare
- mince
- pines
- irena
- miser
- sheik
- creak
- seine
- aries
- shire
- brisk
- frisk
- sarin
- trine
- skier
- incur
- resin
- icons
- smirk
- inger
- snipe
- skint
- infer
- sneer
- inert
- shirk
- sucre
- kline
- minsk
- rhine
- nerts
- brine
- skied
- diker
- crier
- riser
- crone
- scone
- sixer
- trice
- rilke
- ripen
- curie
- cline
- siree
- frick
- jinks
- snide
- norse
- ricin
- spire
- slink
- aiken
- hiker
- circe
- anise
- krone
- sinew
- wince
- scrip
- singe
- reims
- kyrie
- rance
- dicer
- nisei
- skirl
- cairn
- ibsen
- cress
- liken
- eking
- noser
- saner
- scree
- skive
- aesir
- asker
- knish
- trike
- runic
- inker
- sieur
- sizer
- nevis
- snoek
- pekin
- resit
- senti
- spink
- cronk
- rhein
- rosin
- brise
- shier
- wrens
- canis
- ceres
- krebs
- prise
- scion
- scrim
- berks
- liker
- piker
- riven
- eosin
- inure
- nitre
- renin
- serif
- kiter
- skirr
- anser
- chine
- inset
- skein
- frise
- minke
- corse
- creon
- dreck
- incus
- skink
- snick
- circs
- mesic
- nacre
- resid
- ribes
- chirk
- cruse
- ensky
- esker
- naris
- osier
- serin
- xeric
- acnes
- biers
- bikes
- biner
- cents
- cites
- coins
- corks
- cosie
- crews
- cribs
- cries
- cukes
- dikes
- dines
- earns
- eikon
- emirs
- ernes
- fines
- heirs
- hires
- icier
- irked
- kepis
- kerbs
- kerfs
- kerne
- kilns
- kinds
- kines
- kinos
- knees
- lenis
- licks
- liens
- mines
- mires
- mirks
- nares
- neist
- nicks
- ornis
- perks
- picks
- piers
- pikes
- pirns
- ranks
- recks
- reeks
- rends
- rents
- riels
- riles
- rimes
- rinds
- ripes
- rites
- rocks
- ruins
- saker
- scena
- segni
- sired
- sires
- skean
- snark
- speir
- terns
- tiers
- tikes
- tines
- treks
- tries
- veins
- vices
- wines
- wires
- zines
- cense
- ceric
- crake
- genic
- inkle
- koine
- niter
- prink
- ricer
- scend
- stirk
- wrick
- airns
- areic
- becks
- bices
- bines
- birks
- birse
- brens
- bries
- brins
- cains
- cakes
- caner
- canes
- cares
- carks
- carns
- carse
- cedis
- ceils
- cerci
- ceria
- ceros
- cesti
- chins
- cines
- cions
- cires
- citer
- coirs
- cokes
- cones
- conks
- cores
- corns
- creds
- cripe
- crits
- curns
- dices
- dirks
- dreks
- dries
- ecrus
- enoki
- epics
- escar
- eskar
- fecks
- ferns
- fices
- finks
- fires
- firns
- gecks
- ginks
- girns
- grins
- hecks
- herns
- hikes
- icker
- ikons
- inked
- irone
- jerks
- kains
- kanes
- karns
- kecks
- keens
- kefir
- keirs
- kench
- kenos
- kerns
- kibes
- kicks
- kiefs
- kiers
- kinas
- kinks
- kirks
- kirns
- kites
- knars
- knits
- knurs
- liers
- likes
- mercs
- merks
- micks
- miens
- mikes
- minks
- narcs
- naric
- narks
- nears
- necks
- neifs
- nerds
- neuks
- nides
- nines
- nites
- nixes
- nocks
- noirs
- noris
- nukes
- ocker
- oinks
- orcin
- pecks
- peins
- peris
- pinks
- pries
- racks
- rakes
- rakis
- ranis
- recit
- recti
- reifs
- reink
- renig
- repin
- rewin
- riced
- rices
- ricks
- rides
- rinks
- rises
- risks
- rives
- rucks
- runes
- rykes
- saice
- sengi
- sepic
- serac
- serai
- sices
- sicko
- sicks
- siker
- sikes
- sines
- sinks
- siver
- skeen
- skene
- skies
- skiey
- skins
- skite
- slier
- smerk
- sneck
- spier
- syren
- ticks
- tires
- ureic
- viers
- vines
- vires
- weirs
- wicks
- winks
- wries
- xenic
- yerks
- yikes
- yince
- zeins
- zerks
- zincs
- acris
- ceras
- cicer
- crius
- ensis
- entsi
- enuki
- esaki
- isere
- nervi
- pinsk
- rnase
- scoke
- seidr
- tsine
- acers
- acker
- anker
- benis
- binks
- breis
- briks
- cerne
- certs
- chiks
- cides
- ciels
- cirls
- cives
- cleik
- clies
- corni
- crans
- crees
- crems
- crena
- crims
- crine
- crios
- crise
- crues
- cunei
- cursi
- derns
- dirke
- drice
- elsin
- eniac
- epris
- erick
- erics
- ering
- fenis
- fenks
- fiers
- fikes
- firks
- grein
- grens
- grice
- grike
- grise
- icers
- iches
- ickle
- ikans
- incle
- inerm
- isnae
- kaies
- kents
- keros
- kesar
- kiore
- kipes
- kisan
- knive
- kores
- krans
- kreng
- kuris
- leirs
- lirks
- mecks
- meins
- meris
- naiks
- naker
- nelis
- nerka
- nerks
- niefs
- nifes
- nirls
- nisse
- nixer
- nkosi
- norks
- oncer
- onces
- oners
- penks
- perns
- raiks
- raine
- ranke
- reaks
- reans
- reens
- reiki
- reiks
- reist
- rekes
- rhies
- ricey
- riems
- rines
- roins
- rokes
- rones
- saick
- saine
- scrae
- scran
- sdein
- seirs
- sensi
- seric
- serks
- seron
- sewin
- sider
- siens
- sient
- silen
- siler
- sined
- sinky
- siroc
- skear
- skeer
- skens
- skers
- skran
- skrik
- skyer
- skyre
- snies
- snirt
- snoke
- soken
- sonce
- stire
- sweir
- swire
- syker
- tices
- tinks
- treck
- trins
- unces
- viner
- visne
- yirks
- zinke
Phrases (4)
4 Letters
Words (667)
- like
- sure
- nice
- fine
- care
- kind
- seen
- once
- knew
- case
- mine
- rest
- side
- fire
- send
- line
- sick
- pick
- news
- king
- sent
- sing
- sign
- kiss
- rock
- ride
- near
- rich
- ring
- sake
- kick
- wine
- nine
- rain
- mike
- nose
- race
- skin
- neck
- nick
- risk
- size
- cake
- rent
- rose
- bike
- crew
- site
- rice
- rise
- ruin
- dies
- eric
- desk
- earn
- seek
- iron
- wise
- cure
- pink
- hire
- sean
- coke
- vice
- wire
- skip
- heck
- rick
- sark
- sink
- sins
- inch
- knee
- link
- hers
- core
- spin
- corn
- deck
- sack
- coin
- lick
- nest
- scar
- tire
- tick
- cent
- sore
- shin
- scan
- mice
- rank
- silk
- kane
- hike
- heir
- cans
- cane
- keen
- pine
- rack
- stir
- sire
- dice
- disk
- lens
- iris
- sock
- pier
- sync
- kent
- nerd
- crib
- semi
- dine
- beck
- disc
- erin
- kirk
- ripe
- sunk
- iran
- cone
- dirk
- sane
- sari
- kite
- iced
- sank
- epic
- ares
- cain
- cork
- trek
- lice
- knit
- peck
- vein
- noir
- wink
- icon
- pike
- grin
- rite
- dire
- rake
- hick
- vine
- rani
- user
- cons
- sect
- rink
- enid
- ness
- nuke
- mink
- acre
- weir
- skid
- isle
- kris
- saki
- cher
- airs
- sewn
- brie
- fern
- tink
- reek
- lire
- lins
- tres
- sone
- icky
- wick
- sera
- acne
- raki
- reis
- oink
- fink
- dens
- narc
- rein
- perk
- ruse
- snip
- lien
- cite
- eros
- tier
- zinc
- scry
- spec
- akin
- skim
- cree
- rife
- sena
- mire
- berk
- seer
- tine
- sine
- emir
- kern
- skit
- beni
- syne
- pecs
- rune
- cine
- kink
- bren
- kero
- nark
- anis
- sike
- yike
- rusk
- conk
- sian
- tike
- carn
- sear
- cred
- kiln
- vise
- skee
- rind
- ides
- rile
- uric
- wren
- arcs
- ceil
- keno
- peri
- birk
- bier
- kerb
- seco
- bris
- inky
- rend
- jink
- kerf
- skew
- gris
- kino
- sere
- lier
- meri
- bice
- kain
- ruck
- suer
- drek
- merk
- tern
- keck
- mise
- cert
- nock
- rime
- serf
- sind
- nibs
- sket
- gens
- sens
- crim
- sile
- vier
- cive
- kepi
- kine
- fike
- nesh
- soke
- bine
- crit
- ecru
- snit
- cero
- cose
- dern
- fens
- keir
- shir
- cask
- cran
- mien
- rive
- cess
- cist
- leis
- reck
- reen
- sori
- zein
- kief
- curn
- meck
- oner
- ryke
- snib
- syke
- cuke
- curs
- hern
- rone
- vers
- cark
- cere
- crus
- kina
- kore
- fris
- gink
- kier
- kish
- pice
- sice
- sorn
- cusk
- erst
- ikon
- rase
- sika
- cedi
- coir
- aces
- bins
- cire
- cues
- deni
- ekes
- eons
- eras
- fins
- hens
- ilks
- ired
- irks
- kegs
- kens
- keps
- kids
- kins
- kist
- lies
- merc
- nets
- nite
- ones
- ores
- pein
- pens
- pics
- pies
- pirn
- recs
- reds
- refs
- rims
- rips
- rues
- runs
- sipe
- syce
- tics
- ties
- tins
- urns
- bise
- egis
- erne
- fice
- fisc
- kibe
- nisi
- resh
- riel
- sene
- skeg
- skep
- ains
- airn
- anes
- arks
- asci
- bens
- bisk
- brin
- cars
- cees
- cels
- ceps
- chis
- cigs
- cion
- coni
- cors
- cris
- dins
- ears
- ecus
- elks
- emic
- ends
- engs
- ergs
- erns
- errs
- esne
- etic
- firn
- firs
- geck
- gien
- gies
- gins
- girn
- hies
- hins
- hisn
- ices
- ichs
- inks
- inns
- inro
- ions
- ires
- jins
- kaes
- karn
- keas
- kefs
- keys
- khis
- kifs
- kips
- kirn
- kirs
- kits
- knar
- knur
- kois
- kors
- kues
- kune
- kyes
- leks
- mics
- mirk
- mirs
- nebs
- negs
- neif
- neuk
- nevi
- nide
- nils
- nims
- nips
- nits
- nixe
- noes
- nori
- okes
- orcs
- pins
- rais
- rebs
- rees
- regs
- reif
- rems
- reps
- rets
- revs
- rias
- ribs
- rids
- rifs
- rigs
- rins
- rocs
- roes
- ryes
- sain
- secs
- seif
- seis
- sers
- shri
- sics
- sinh
- sirs
- skis
- sned
- snye
- sris
- tens
- ukes
- unci
- vies
- wens
- wins
- yens
- yerk
- yins
- zeks
- zerk
- zine
- zins
- acer
- aesc
- aine
- akes
- ance
- aris
- bein
- bien
- bink
- brei
- brik
- ceas
- cens
- chik
- cide
- cids
- ciel
- cirl
- cits
- crem
- crue
- desi
- eans
- ecos
- eiks
- eina
- eine
- eish
- enes
- eres
- erks
- esky
- euks
- ewks
- feis
- feni
- fier
- firk
- fisk
- gren
- icer
- ikan
- isna
- iure
- kaie
- kais
- kans
- kebs
- keds
- keks
- kesh
- kest
- kets
- kipe
- kons
- ksar
- kuri
- kyne
- leir
- lirk
- lisk
- mein
- naik
- nare
- neds
- nefs
- neks
- neps
- nerk
- nids
- nied
- nief
- nies
- nife
- nirl
- nish
- nork
- nurs
- nyes
- oiks
- onie
- peni
- penk
- pern
- pirs
- pise
- raik
- reak
- rean
- rehs
- reik
- reke
- renk
- rens
- reny
- reos
- rews
- ricy
- riem
- rine
- risp
- rits
- roin
- roke
- roks
- rucs
- saic
- sair
- scur
- scye
- sech
- seik
- seil
- seir
- sekt
- serk
- serr
- sich
- sien
- sies
- siri
- sken
- skeo
- sker
- skio
- skry
- skyr
- smir
- snar
- sneb
- snee
- snig
- spek
- spie
- sten
- stie
- syen
- tecs
- tice
- trie
- trin
- unce
- unis
- ures
- vins
- vire
- wice
- yesk
- yirk
Phrases (3)
Abbreviations (62)
3 Letters
Words (302)
- are
- can
- she
- one
- her
- see
- yes
- his
- ain
- sir
- new
- son
- ask
- car
- die
- run
- use
- end
- men
- sit
- kid
- its
- set
- six
- red
- win
- ten
- air
- lie
- sun
- sea
- cry
- ice
- ran
- key
- sky
- ben
- nor
- san
- rid
- tie
- per
- cos
- ear
- sin
- jin
- pen
- pie
- sue
- sec
- rip
- ken
- net
- yen
- sis
- chi
- bin
- pre
- con
- kit
- pin
- ace
- era
- tin
- est
- rex
- lin
- ski
- gin
- den
- ned
- ink
- inn
- sip
- cue
- sew
- fin
- ark
- ren
- err
- kin
- yin
- hen
- sai
- rib
- rig
- icy
- rep
- rue
- ere
- rin
- rim
- arc
- ref
- wen
- ins
- mic
- lei
- sri
- tsk
- ria
- nil
- tic
- sim
- nim
- sen
- reg
- urn
- din
- nip
- vie
- keg
- kip
- nee
- dis
- fer
- fen
- sac
- sae
- rye
- oke
- ake
- rec
- uni
- ich
- ion
- fie
- gen
- ras
- rev
- eng
- elk
- roe
- rem
- pic
- sur
- mis
- vis
- cor
- cur
- nos
- sei
- ore
- sic
- ifs
- fir
- psi
- sui
- eon
- lek
- orc
- nix
- mir
- res
- roc
- neg
- neb
- cig
- ilk
- erk
- kif
- sar
- ers
- ser
- nae
- nit
- pis
- ems
- ani
- ire
- tec
- ais
- keb
- eds
- hin
- ism
- eke
- uke
- kos
- nas
- soc
- cid
- ern
- iso
- ked
- bes
- bis
- hic
- nus
- eas
- kea
- nib
- ide
- ane
- reb
- ios
- nef
- rif
- cru
- ens
- nur
- nye
- rok
- syn
- kep
- rit
- irk
- ret
- ruc
- ene
- hie
- kor
- pes
- ess
- kas
- khi
- ecu
- gie
- sel
- cis
- erg
- cit
- oik
- wis
- sib
- cel
- kex
- kue
- ors
- rei
- tis
- fes
- ars
- cee
- cep
- eek
- efs
- els
- hes
- ick
- ids
- kae
- kef
- kir
- kis
- koi
- kye
- les
- lis
- oes
- ons
- ose
- pec
- qis
- rai
- ree
- seg
- ska
- suk
- uns
- xis
- zek
- zin
- sif
- che
- dei
- ean
- ech
- eco
- een
- ehs
- eik
- erf
- euk
- ewk
- gis
- ish
- kai
- ket
- kon
- mes
- nek
- nep
- nid
- nie
- nis
- nys
- pir
- reh
- reo
- rew
- rez
- riz
- sed
- sey
- sez
- sik
- sny
- sye
- tes
Abbreviations (126)
- isn
- mrs
- min
- ron
- mei
- rio
- ceo
- qin
- neo
- zen
- des
- ira
- wei
- nsa
- inc
- ike
- isi
- vcr
- irs
- cpr
- icu
- pei
- dec
- esp
- ese
- dci
- kui
- ied
- mri
- ans
- lir
- ekg
- oni
- fri
- nrl
- seb
- cro
- cia
- epi
- icc
- roi
- nra
- ler
- nsc
- cps
- ect
- gsr
- ecg
- sep
- ney
- npc
- nec
- crt
- nbe
- rna
- noc
- cns
- rus
- ecm
- ert
- nro
- cer
- nrc
- ois
- sle
- bse
- eck
- msc
- cbr
- cgs
- frs
- iis
- ioc
- nmr
- cli
- eec
- cst
- fcs
- eos
- esq
- esr
- nsu
- prc
- rbi
- cio
- crp
- ebs
- eln
- jnr
- prn
- rbc
- aec
- bce
- bns
- cim
- cpi
- cse
- ebn
- ecc
- ecf
- eib
- enl
- esm
- ifc
- ige
- inh
- inr
- ixc
- ken.
- kib
- mek
- nac
- nih
- nij
- nne
- nsf
- nsw
- sbe
- scd
- snp
- sse
- svr
- tce
- usn
- xci
- yer
2 Letters
Words (66)
Abbreviations (123)