How to pronounce orthogonal:
Example: "An issue extraneous to the debate"
Example: "Wind and sea may displace the ship's center of gravity along three orthogonal axes"
An orthogonal line
Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other.
Example: "A chord and the radius that bisects it are orthogonal."
Of a pair of vectors: having a zero inner product; perpendicular.
Example: "The normal vector and tangent vector at a given point are orthogonal."
Of a square matrix: such that its transpose is equal to its inverse.
Of a linear transformation: preserving its angles.
Of grid graphs, board games and polyominoes: vertical or horizontal but not diagonal.
Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other.
Statistically independent, with reference to variates.
Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately.
Example: "The content of the message should be orthogonal to the means of its delivery."
Of two or more problems or subjects, independent of or irrelevant to each other.