Meanings
The phrase is a regular Early Modern English equivalent of how's it going (when neither progressive tenses nor do-support were obligatory). As such it could have survived through regional dialects. Nevertheless modern usage is likely a calque of German wie geht es, perhaps additionally also Dutch hoe gaat het, Danish hvordan går det, etc.
How to pronounce "how goes it":
AU
An informal greeting roughly equivalent to how are you.
Example Sentences
1
Hey Tom, how goes it?
2
I bumped into John yesterday, and I asked him how goes it with his new job.