7 3 noun
n
noun
• (biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
Example sentence • Plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil through osmosis .
12 6 noun
n
noun
• abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women
Example sentence • My grandmother suffers from osteoporosis and has to be careful not to fall.
8 3 noun
n
noun
• abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
Example sentence • The patient was diagnosed with aortic stenosis .
10 4 noun
n
noun
• lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
Example sentence • Exposure to asbestos is the primary cause of asbestosis .
8 3 noun
n
noun
• development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ
Example sentence • Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs.
12 5 noun
n
noun
• infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)
Example sentence • Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis .
15 6 noun
n
noun
• a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls, thus narrowing the arteries
Example sentence • Smoking is one of the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis .
9 4 noun
n
noun
• identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon
Example sentence • The doctor made a diagnosis of pneumonia.
13 6 noun
n
noun
• the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea
Example sentence • The exact cause of endometriosis is still unknown.
13 6 noun
n
noun
• disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans; results from infection with actinomycetes; characterized by hard swellings that exude pus through long sinuses
9 3 noun
n
noun
• a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver; the major cause is chronic alcoholism
Example sentence • The primary cause of cirrhosis is chronic alcoholism.
8 3 noun
n
noun
• a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction
Example sentence • Her constant need for reassurance and fear of abandonment are symptoms of her neurosis .
9 3 noun
n
noun
• any severe mental disorder in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted
Example sentence • He was diagnosed with schizophrenia and experienced frequent episodes of psychosis .
7 3 noun
n
noun
• (Greek mythology) the goddess of divine retribution and vengeance
Example sentence • His nemesis from high school became his business partner.
8 3 noun
n
noun
• a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion
Example sentence • She underwent hypnosis to try and quit smoking.
9 3 noun
n
noun
• a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop
Example sentence • The doctor gave me a positive prognosis for my recovery.
10 3 noun
n
noun
• corrective consisting of a replacement for a part of the body
Example sentence • The athlete uses a prosthesis to enhance his performance.
9 3 noun
n
noun
• any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
Example sentence • Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system.
11 5 noun
n
noun
• The process by which the plasma membrane of a cell folds inwards to ingest material.
Example sentence • There are different types of endocytosis , including phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
10 5 noun
n
noun
• The secretion of substances through cellular membranes, either to excrete waste products or as a regulatory function.
Example sentence • The release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells is mediated by exocytosis .
9 4 noun
n
noun
• the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other
Example sentence • Coral and algae have a mutualistic symbiosis .
8 4 noun
n
noun
• abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
Example sentence • Metabolic acidosis is a condition characterized by excessive acidity in the blood.
9 4 noun
n
noun
• abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
Example sentence • Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is excessive removal of carbon dioxide from the body through hyperventilation.
9 4 noun
n
noun
• abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint
Example sentence • The patient experienced ankylosis in his shoulder joint after a severe injury.
14 6 noun
n
noun
• presence of multiple diverticula in the walls of the colon
Example sentence • Symptoms of diverticulosis may include abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.
10 4 noun
n
noun
• the purple or black-and-blue area resulting from a bruise
Example sentence • The patient presented with ecchymosis on his arm after the injury.
9 4 noun
n
Example sentence • She was embarrassed by her chronic halitosis .
9 4 noun
n
noun
• (genetics) the tendency of a crossbred organism to have qualities superior to those of either parent
Example sentence • The farmers were excited about the potential heterosis in the new hybrid crops.
13 5 noun
n
noun
• excessive and profuse perspiration
Example sentence • My friend suffers from hyperhidrosis and is always sweating even in cool temperatures.
8 3 noun
n
noun
• an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column
Example sentence • The doctor diagnosed her with thoracic kyphosis and recommended physical therapy.
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