7 2 noun
n
noun
• a Christian sacrament signifying spiritual cleansing and rebirth
Example sentence • The baby received her baptism at the church.
9 3 noun, adjective
n, adj
noun
• a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
Example sentence • The collapse of the Soviet Union marked the end of communism in Eastern Europe.
9 3 noun
n
noun
• any political theory favoring immoderate uncompromising policies
Example sentence • The government is taking measures to counter extremism .
9 3 noun
n
noun
• the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction
Example sentence • The mechanism in the clock started ticking loudly.
6 2 noun
n
noun
• the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element
Example sentence • The concept of monism is often contrasted with dualism, which posits the existence of two fundamental substances.
6 2 noun
n
noun
• discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of the opposite sex
Example sentence • The movie industry has been criticized for its sexism .
8 4 noun
n
noun
• (philosophy) the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality
Example sentence • His idealism about the future often led him to take risks.
10 4 noun
n
noun
• a 20th century movement of artists and writers (developing out of dadaism) who used fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams
Example sentence • The artist is known for his fascination with surrealism .
9 3 noun
n
noun
• willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others
Example sentence • The park was closed temporarily due to vandalism .
10 4 noun
n
noun
• belief in multiple Gods
Example sentence • Ancient Greece and Rome were known for their polytheism .
10 4 noun
n
noun
• a state of deep-seated ill-will
Example sentence • There is a lot of antagonism between the two rival gangs.
6 2 noun
n
noun
• an artistic movement in France beginning in 1907 that featured surfaces of geometrical planes
8 2 noun
n
noun
• a genetic abnormality resulting in short stature
Example sentence • Individuals with dwarfism may face challenges in everyday activities such as reaching things on high shelves.
7 3 noun
n
noun
• exaggerated or affected piety and religious zeal
Example sentence • The concept of pietism influenced many religious reform movements in the 17th and 18th centuries.
10 4 noun
n
noun
• the conviction that people should participate in sports as a hobby (for the fun of it) rather than for money
Example sentence • His amateurism in playing the piano was evident in his lack of technique.
7 3 noun
n
noun
• a reappearance of an earlier characteristic
Example sentence • The appearance of the tail in humans is considered an atavism .
9 3 noun
n
noun
• acceptance of the inevitability of defeat
Example sentence • The defeatism of the team was evident after they conceded the first goal.
8 3 noun
n
noun
• a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
Example sentence • She became interested in feminism after attending a women's rights conference.
9 3 noun
n
noun
• sexual pleasure obtained from receiving punishment (physical or psychological)
Example sentence • Some people engage in masochism as a means of achieving sexual gratification.
9 3 noun
n
noun
• genre of art and literature that makes a self-conscious break with previous genres
Example sentence • The museum exhibition explores the influence of modernism on contemporary art.
8 3 noun
n
noun
• a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
Example sentence • The human body is a complex organism .
8 3 noun
n
noun
• fighting with the fists
Example sentence • He was trained in the art of pugilism from a young age.
11 4 noun
n
noun
• the actions of a vigilance committee in trying to enforce the laws
Example sentence • Many people believe that vigilantism is a dangerous and irresponsible practice.
9 3 noun
n
noun
• a perversion in which a person receives sexual gratification from seeing the genitalia of others or witnessing others' sexual behavior
Example sentence • The movie explored the theme of voyeurism through the protagonist's obsession with watching his neighbors.
6 2 noun
n
Example sentence • It is a truism that honesty is the best policy.
9 3 noun
n
noun
• disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings
Example sentence • She couldn't handle the harsh criticism of her artwork.
9 3 noun
n
noun
• an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh
Example sentence • Using the term 'passed away' as a euphemism for death is common in many cultures.
10 3 noun
n
noun
• newspapers and magazines collectively
Example sentence • She studied journalism in college and went on to become a news reporter.
8 3 noun
n
noun
• the optimistic feeling that all is going to turn out well
Example sentence • She approached the situation with optimism , believing that everything would work out.
11 4 noun
n
noun
• habitual absence from work
Example sentence • The company experienced high levels of absenteeism last month.
10 4 noun
n
Example sentence • The belief in monotheism arose independently in different parts of the world.
12 5 noun
n
noun
• the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery
Example sentence • Frederick Douglass was a prominent figure in the abolitionism movement.
11 4 noun
n
noun
• something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred
Example sentence • Using a typewriter in today's digital age is considered an anachronism .
9 3 noun
n
noun
• the practice of advancing your career at the expense of your personal integrity
Example sentence • Sarah's sole focus on climbing the corporate ladder showcased her careerism .
10 3 noun
n
Example sentence • His chauvinism made it difficult for him to accept the idea of a female president.
11 4 noun
n
noun
• the literal belief in the account of Creation given in the Book of Genesis
Example sentence • Many proponents of creationism believe that the Earth was formed in a literal six-day period.
11 4 noun
n
noun
• (philosophy) a philosophical theory holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will
Example sentence • Some philosophers argue that determinism is incompatible with free will.
10 3 noun
n
noun
• (chemistry) the property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms
Example sentence • Sexual dimorphism is often observed in animals, with males and females exhibiting different physical characteristics.
13 4 noun
n
noun
• belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
Example sentence • His ethnocentrism made him believe that his culture was superior to all others.
12 4 noun
n
noun
• the doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country
Example sentence • The country's expansionism led to conflicts with neighboring nations.
13 4 noun, adjective
n, adj
noun
• an art movement early in the 20th century; the artist's subjective expression of inner experiences was emphasized; an inner feeling was expressed through a distorted rendition of reality
Example sentence • The artist's use of bold colors and distorted figures is characteristic of expressionism .
8 3 noun
n
noun
• the pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle
Example sentence • He lived a life of hedonism , constantly seeking out new adventures and experiences.
11 4 noun
n
noun
• willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others
Example sentence • The police launched an investigation into the hooliganism that occurred after the football match.
8 3 noun
n
noun
• the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
Example sentence • Many Renaissance artists were influenced by humanism .
13 4 noun, adjective
n, adj
noun
• a school of late 19th century French painters who pictured appearances by strokes of unmixed colors to give the impression of reflected light
Example sentence • The museum is hosting an exhibition on impressionism .
11 4 noun
n
noun
• the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
Example sentence • The country's irredentism fuels its territorial claims on neighboring regions.
12 5 noun
n
noun
• a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations
Example sentence • The country's history of isolationism has kept it out of many global conflicts.
11 4 noun
n
noun
• (biology) similarity or identity of form or shape or structure
Example sentence • The isomorphism between the two graphs was evident in their identical structures.
13 5 noun
n
noun
• any organism of microscopic size
Example sentence • Certain microorganisms are used in the production of antibiotics.
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