10 4 noun n noun
• an economic system based on private ownership of capital
Example sentence • Many argue that capitalism promotes competition and innovation.
11 4 noun n noun
• the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial
Example sentence • The rise of consumerism in the 20th century led to a significant boost in economic growth.
13 6 noun n noun
• the quality of being individual
Example sentence • The country's culture promotes individualism , encouraging people to pursue their own goals.
10 3 noun n noun
• newspapers and magazines collectively
Example sentence • She studied journalism in college and went on to become a news reporter.
9 3 noun, adjective n, adj noun
• a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
Example sentence • The collapse of the Soviet Union marked the end of communism in Eastern Europe.
9 3 noun n noun
• the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction
Example sentence • The mechanism in the clock started ticking loudly.
9 3 noun n noun
• a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality
Example sentence • She was deeply interested in the study of mysticism .
10 4 noun n noun
• (philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
Example sentence • The play was a perfect example of naturalism , depicting ordinary people and their struggles.
10 4 noun n noun
• a 20th century movement of artists and writers (developing out of dadaism) who used fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams
Example sentence • The artist is known for his fascination with surrealism .
9 3 noun n noun
• dominance through threat of punishment and violence
Example sentence • The country rebelled against the despotism of its ruler.
13 5 noun n noun
• any organism of microscopic size
Example sentence • Certain microorganisms are used in the production of antibiotics.
11 4 noun n noun
• asceticism as a form of religious life; usually conducted in a community under a common rule and characterized by celibacy and poverty and obedience
Example sentence • The monasticism of the monks followed a strict schedule of prayer and contemplation.
9 4 noun n noun
• the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other
Example sentence • In mutualism , each organism provides a service or resource that the other organism needs.
11 4 noun n noun
• impractical romantic ideals and attitudes
8 3 noun n noun
• an inclination to retreat from unpleasant realities through diversion or fantasy
Example sentence • Reading fiction is a form of escapism for many people.
8 3 noun n noun
• a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
Example sentence • She became interested in feminism after attending a women's rights conference.
10 3 noun n noun
• a religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element; considered heresy by Christian churches
11 5 noun n noun
• a desire for wealth and material possessions with little interest in ethical or spiritual matters
Example sentence • The protagonist in the novel struggled with his materialism , constantly chasing after wealth and possessions.
15 6 noun n noun
• a belief in forces beyond ordinary human understanding
Example sentence • Many ancient cultures practiced forms of supernaturalism in their religious rituals.
7 3 noun n noun
• The belief that the centralization of power in a state (sovereign polity) is the ideal or best way to organize humanity.
Example sentence • Many critics argue that statism can lead to the suppression of individual freedoms.
10 3 noun n noun
• (philosophy) the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value
Example sentence • She had a reputation for pragmatism and getting things done efficiently.
9 3 noun n noun
• the calculated use of violence (or the threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear
Example sentence • The government is taking strict measures to counter terrorism .
9 3 noun n noun
• disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings
Example sentence • She couldn't handle the harsh criticism of her artwork.
10 4 noun n noun
• the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals
Example sentence • Exercise can boost your metabolism .
8 3 noun n noun
• a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake
Example sentence • He embraced nihilism and rejected all religious and moral principles.
10 4 noun n noun
• habitual intoxication; prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks leading to a breakdown in health and an addiction to alcohol such that abrupt deprivation leads to severe withdrawal symptoms
Example sentence • He has been struggling with alcoholism for years.
11 4 noun n noun
• something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred
Example sentence • Using a typewriter in today's digital age is considered an anachronism .
11 4 noun n noun
• (ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea; common in nearsighted people
Example sentence • I need to wear glasses because I have astigmatism .
11 4 noun n noun
• the practice of eating the flesh of your own kind
Example sentence • Some insects and animals engage in cannibalism as a form of survival.
9 3 noun n noun
• a series of questions put to an individual (such as a political candidate) to elicit their views
Example sentence • She taught her children the catechism of their religion.
11 5 noun n noun
• exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one; the use of the weaker country's resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger country
Example sentence • The colonialism of the 19th and early 20th centuries had a profound impact on the indigenous populations of many countries.
7 3 noun n noun
• the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil
Example sentence • The philosopher believed in the dualism of mind and body.
11 5 noun n noun
• a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries
Example sentence • During the 19th century, European countries engaged in imperialism to establish colonies in Africa and Asia.
10 4 noun n noun
• a political orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution
Example sentence • Many people believe that liberalism promotes equality and social justice.
10 5 noun n noun
• an art movement in sculpture and painting that began in the 1950s and emphasized extreme simplification of form and color
Example sentence • I practice minimalism by decluttering my living space regularly.
11 4 noun n noun
• love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it
Example sentence • Many people believe that nationalism can lead to conflicts between nations.
15 5 noun n noun
• the expertness characteristic of a professional person
Example sentence • The company values professionalism and expects all employees to adhere to its standards.
9 3 noun, adjective n, adj noun
• a political theory advocating state ownership of industry
Example sentence • Many European countries have implemented elements of socialism in their welfare systems.
9 3 noun n noun
• a system of symbols and symbolic representations
Example sentence • In the novel, the green light at the end of the dock is an example of symbolism .
8 3 noun n noun
• the system or principles and theory of labor unions
Example sentence • The rise of unionism led to significant improvements in working conditions.
7 3 noun n noun
• a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods
Example sentence • His parents were atheists, so he grew up with atheism as his worldview.
8 3 noun n noun
• an insertion into a calendar
Example sentence • The patient was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism .
9 3 noun n noun
• an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh
Example sentence • Using the term 'passed away' as a euphemism for death is common in many cultures.
9 3 noun n noun
• the act of inducing hypnosis
Example sentence • The hypnotism show had the audience mesmerized.
9 3 noun n noun
• attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force
Example sentence • The magnetic field of the Earth creates a force of magnetism .
8 3 noun n noun
• a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
Example sentence • The human body is a complex organism .
8 3 noun n noun
• the doctrine that all violence is unjustifiable
Example sentence • The Dalai Lama is a strong advocate for pacifism .
10 4 noun n noun
• love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it
Example sentence • His love for his country and unwavering devotion to its values is a true display of patriotism .
10 3 noun n noun
• any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues
Example sentence • My grandmother suffers from rheumatism and experiences joint pain.
8 3 noun n noun
• a policy of taking direct action to achieve a political or social goal
Example sentence • Protesting against the government's decision is an example of activism .
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