9 3 noun n noun
• disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings
Example sentence • She couldn't handle the harsh criticism of her artwork.
10 4 noun n noun
• an economic system based on private ownership of capital
Example sentence • Many argue that capitalism promotes competition and innovation.
10 3 noun n noun
• (philosophy) the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value
Example sentence • She had a reputation for pragmatism and getting things done efficiently.
9 3 noun n noun
• the calculated use of violence (or the threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear
Example sentence • The government is taking strict measures to counter terrorism .
7 3 noun n noun
• the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)
Example sentence • His heroism during the war earned him a medal of honor.
8 3 noun n noun
• the optimistic feeling that all is going to turn out well
Example sentence • She approached the situation with optimism , believing that everything would work out.
9 3 noun, adjective n, adj noun
• a political theory advocating state ownership of industry
Example sentence • Many European countries have implemented elements of socialism in their welfare systems.
9 3 noun n noun
• a brutal barbarous savage act
Example sentence • The historian described the invading army's acts of barbarism .
9 3 noun n noun
• attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force
Example sentence • The magnetic field of the Earth creates a force of magnetism .
9 3 noun n noun
• genre of art and literature that makes a self-conscious break with previous genres
Example sentence • The museum exhibition explores the influence of modernism on contemporary art.
9 3 noun n noun
• a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality
Example sentence • She was deeply interested in the study of mysticism .
7 2 noun n noun
• the business of providing services to tourists
Example sentence • The government is investing heavily in promoting tourism .
8 3 noun n noun
• the quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Example sentence • Charity work is a form of altruism , as it involves selflessly helping others.
10 5 noun n noun
• an art movement in sculpture and painting that began in the 1950s and emphasized extreme simplification of form and color
Example sentence • I practice minimalism by decluttering my living space regularly.
9 3 noun n noun
• the feeling that things will turn out badly
Example sentence • His constant pessimism made it difficult to have a positive conversation with him.
9 3 noun, adjective n, adj noun
• a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
Example sentence • The collapse of the Soviet Union marked the end of communism in Eastern Europe.
10 3 noun n noun
• newspapers and magazines collectively
Example sentence • She studied journalism in college and went on to become a news reporter.
9 3 noun n noun
• the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction
Example sentence • The mechanism in the clock started ticking loudly.
10 4 noun n noun
• a 20th century movement of artists and writers (developing out of dadaism) who used fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams
Example sentence • The artist is known for his fascination with surrealism .
8 3 noun n noun
• a short pithy instructive saying
Example sentence • One famous aphorism is 'Know thyself.'
8 3 noun n noun
• food poisoning from ingesting botulin; not infectious; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly
Example sentence • Symptoms of botulism include blurred or double vision, difficulty swallowing, and muscle weakness.
8 3 noun n noun
• the system of religion and philosophy taught by the Druids and their rites and ceremonies
Example sentence • Many aspects of druidism have been lost to history.
7 3 noun n noun
• the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil
Example sentence • The philosopher believed in the dualism of mind and body.
9 3 noun n noun
• the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war
Example sentence • Under feudalism , nobles granted land to vassals in exchange for military service.
9 3 noun n noun
• the doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented
Example sentence • The painter rejected formalism and instead embraced a more abstract style of art.
8 3 noun n noun
• an artistic movement in Italy around 1910 that tried to express the energy and values of the machine age
Example sentence • The futurism movement aimed to capture the essence of the modern world and celebrate technological advancements.
10 3 noun n noun
• a religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element; considered heresy by Christian churches
9 3 noun n noun
• a behavioral attribute that is distinctive and peculiar to an individual
Example sentence • Her constant fidgeting is a mannerism that annoys me.
8 3 noun n noun
• an indifference to pleasure or pain
Example sentence • The stoicism of the soldier impressed his comrades during the difficult mission.
7 3 noun n noun
• The belief that the centralization of power in a state (sovereign polity) is the ideal or best way to organize humanity.
Example sentence • Many critics argue that statism can lead to the suppression of individual freedoms.
10 4 noun n noun
• dominance through threat of punishment and violence
Example sentence • The monarchy in that country practiced absolutism , with the king having unlimited authority.
10 4 noun n noun
• (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience
Example sentence • The scientific method is based on empiricism , using observation and experimentation to gather data.
10 4 noun n noun
• an inclination to favor some person or group
Example sentence • The boss showed favoritism towards his nephew by promoting him over more qualified employees.
10 4 noun n noun
• characterized by habitual skepticism and a disagreeable tendency to deny or oppose or resist suggestions or commands
Example sentence • His constant negativism was bringing down the morale of the entire team.
10 4 noun n noun
• the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)
Example sentence • The strict adherence to religious principles is at the core of puritanism .
10 4 noun n noun
• habitual relapse into crime
Example sentence • The recidivism rate for drug offenders is alarmingly high.
10 4 noun n noun
• (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved
Example sentence • Moral relativism asserts that there are no universal ethical principles.
10 4 noun n noun
• The doctrines and practices, or the character and spirit, of the Pharisees.
Example sentence • Many religious leaders accused him of heresy, claiming he was guilty of pharisaism .
8 3 noun n noun
• a policy of taking direct action to achieve a political or social goal
Example sentence • Protesting against the government's decision is an example of activism .
8 3 noun n noun
• a cardiovascular disease characterized by a saclike widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall
Example sentence • He had a brain aneurysm and had to undergo surgery.
6 2 noun, adjective n, adj noun
• (psychiatry) an abnormal absorption with the self; marked by communication disorders and short attention span and inability to treat others as people
Example sentence • She is an autism advocate and works tirelessly to raise awareness about the disorder.
9 3 noun n noun
• a series of questions put to an individual (such as a political candidate) to elicit their views
Example sentence • She taught her children the catechism of their religion.
8 3 noun n noun
• a cynical feeling of distrust
Example sentence • His constant cynicism made it difficult to have a positive conversation with him.
8 3 noun n noun
• an insertion into a calendar
Example sentence • The patient was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism .
9 3 noun n noun
• an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh
Example sentence • Using the term 'passed away' as a euphemism for death is common in many cultures.
7 2 noun n noun
• a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)
Example sentence • The rise of fascism in Europe during the 1930s led to significant conflicts and divisions.
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